eprintid: 694 rev_number: 9 eprint_status: archive userid: 4 dir: disk0/00/00/06/94 datestamp: 2015-06-10 10:33:08 lastmod: 2018-02-26 11:55:20 status_changed: 2015-06-10 10:33:08 type: monograph metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Anselmi, N. creators_name: Manica, L. creators_name: Rocca, P. creators_name: Massa, A. title: Introduction to Interval Arithmetic applied to Antenna Array Analysis ispublished: pub subjects: MCS subjects: MEA full_text_status: public monograph_type: technical_report keywords: Interval Analysis, Array Synthesis, Array Analysis, Reflector Antennas, Inverse Scattering, Compressive Sensing, Analytic Sequences, Local Optimization, Sub-Arraying, Evolutionary Optimization, Time Modulated Arrays. abstract: Errors and imperfections characterize almost every implementation of real physical devices. In an antenna array, elements' excitations values with are usually affected by errors due to imperfections on the feeding network components. This leads to implement an antenna radiating a pattern that generally differs from the expected one. In this framework, this report is aimed to introduce a novel methodology based on Interval Arithmetic aimed to calculate an upper and lower bounds on the power pattern given the interval tolerance of the amplifiers and of the phase shifters connected to the radiating elements. The power pattern features have been also defined exploiting the Interval Arithmetic tool, as well. date: 2015 publisher: University of Trento referencetext: [1] P. Rocca, N. Anselmi, and A. Massa, "Optimal synthesis of robust beamformer weights exploiting interval analysis and convex optimization," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 3603-3612, Jul. 2014. [2] L. Manica, N. Anselmi, P. Rocca, and A. Massa, "Robust mask-constrained linear array synthesis through an interval-based particle swarm optimisation," IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 976-984, Sep. 2013. [3] N. Anselmi, L. Manica, P. Rocca, and A. Massa, "Tolerance analysis of antenna arrays through interval arithmetic," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 5496-5507, Nov. 2013. [4] P. Rocca, L. Manica, N. Anselmi, and A. Massa, "Analysis of the pattern tolerances in linear arrays with arbitrary amplitude errors," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 639-642, 2013. [5] T. Moriyama, L. Poli, N. Anselmi, M. Salucci, and P. Rocca, “Real array pattern tolerances from amplitude excitation errors,” IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 11, no. 17, pp. 1-8, Sep. 2014. [6] L. Manica, P. Rocca, N. Anselmi, and A. Massa, "On the synthesis of reliable linear arrays through interval arithmetic," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas Propag. (APS/URSI 2013), Orlando, Florida, USA, Jul. 7-12, 2013. [7] L. Manica, P. Rocca, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Designing radiating systems through interval analysis tools," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas Propag. (APS/URSI 2013), Orlando, Florida, USA, Jul. 7-12, 2013. [8] M. Carlin, N. Anselmi, L. Manica, P. Rocca, and A. Massa, "Exploiting interval arithmetic for predict- ing real arrays performances - The linear case," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas Propag. (APS/URSI 2013), Orlando, Florida, USA, Jul. 7-12, 2013. [9] P. Rocca, L. Manica, and A. Massa, "Interval-based analysis of pattern distortions in reflector antennas with bump-like surface deformations," IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 8, no. 15, pp. 1277-1285, Dec. 2014. [10] P. Rocca, N. Anselmi, and A. Massa, "Interval Arithmetic for pattern tolerance analysis of parabolic reflectors," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 4952-4960, Oct. 2014. [11] P. Rocca, M. Carlin, L. Manica, and A. Massa, "Microwave imaging within the interval analysis framework," Progress in Electromagnetic Research, vol. 143, pp. 675-708, 2013. [12] P. Rocca, M. Carlin, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Interval analysis as applied to inverse scattering," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas Propag. (APS/URSI 2013), Chicago, Illinois, USA, Jul. 8-14, 2012. [13] L. Manica, P. Rocca, M. Salucci, M. Carlin, and A. Massa, "Scattering data inversion through interval analysis under Rytov approximation," 7th European Conference on Antennas Propag. (EuCAP 2013), Gothenburg, Sweden, Apr. 8-12, 2013. [14] P. Rocca, M. Carlin, and A. Massa, "Imaging weak scatterers by means of an innovative inverse scattering technique based on the interval analysis," 6th European Conference on Antennas Propag. (EuCAP 2012), Prague, Czech Republic, Mar. 26-30, 2012. [15] G. Oliveri and A. Massa, "ADS-based array design for 2D and 3D ultrasound imaging," IEEE Trans. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1568-1582, Jul. 2010. [16] G. Oliveri and A. Massa, "GA-Enhanced ADS-based approach for array thinning," IET Microwaves, An- tennas & Propagation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 305-315, 2011. [17] G. Oliveri, P. Rocca, and A. Massa, "Reliable diagnosis of large linear arrays - A Bayesian Compressive Sensing approach," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 4627-4636, Oct. 2012. [18] F. Viani, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Compressive sensing pattern matching techniques for synthesizing planar sparse arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 4577-4587, Sept. 2013. [19] L. Manica, P. Rocca, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Synthesis of multi-beam sub-arrayed antennas through an excitation matching strategy," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 482-492, Feb. 2011. [20] L. Manica, P. Rocca, and A. Massa, "Design of subarrayed linear and planar array antennas with SLL control based on an excitation matching approach," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1684-1691, Jun. 2009. [21] P. Rocca, M. Carlin, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Interval analysis as applied to inverse scattering," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas Propag. (APS/URSI 2013), Chicago, Illinois, USA, Jul. 8-14, 2012. [22] L. Manica, P. Rocca, M. Salucci, M. Carlin, and A. Massa, "Scattering data inversion through interval analysis under Rytov approximation," 7th European Conference on Antennas Propag. (EuCAP 2013), Gothenburg, Sweden, Apr. 8-12, 2013. citation: Anselmi, N. and Manica, L. and Rocca, P. and Massa, A. (2015) Introduction to Interval Arithmetic applied to Antenna Array Analysis. Technical Report. University of Trento. document_url: http://www.eledia.org/students-reports/694/1/Introduction%20to%20Interval%20Arithmetic%20applied%20to%20Antenna%20Array%20Analysis.pdf